The FITNESS judgment: new evidence on appeal is not automatically admissible

New evidence on appeal can make or break a case. But anyone assuming that it must automatically be considered after an earlier annulment is mistaken. In FITNESS, the General Court makes clear that EUIPO cannot bypass its discretion: even after remittal, the Board of Appeal must independently assess and explain why late evidence is admitted.

Copyright in music: can you protect a rhythm? Lessons from the Bad Bunny case

Can copyright in music be used to claim an entire genre? That question was central to a high-profile US lawsuit against Bad Bunny, Karol G, Daddy Yankee and more than 150 other artists. This is an important development for everyone earning a living from music: artists, musicians, record labels, producers and creative businesses. In this update, I explain what music copyright protects, why claiming a rhythm is so difficult and what you can do to document your work properly.

Trade mark use: unfair advantage or due cause? Political parody in trade mark law

A well-known brand name or recognisable visual identity is tempting material for a political campaign, satire or online expression. But using it to attract attention quickly engages trade mark law. A recent judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union, arising from a dispute between IKEA and Vlaams Belang, shows how closely trade mark use, unfair advantage, due cause and freedom of expression are connected. When is a parody permitted, and when is it primarily riding on a famous mark’s appeal?